Which type of mixers is associated with the most head loss?

Static mixers are designed to mix fluids without the use of moving parts. These mixers rely on the flow of the fluid passing through them to achieve mixing, usually through the use of fixed elements to create turbulence and promote contact between the different phases being mixed. As the fluid flows through these stationary elements, significant energy is required to overcome the resistance created by these components, leading to head loss.

The flow path through static mixers can cause friction and turbulence, which translates into increased pressure drop or head loss within the system. Therefore, static mixers typically result in the highest head loss among the types mentioned, as the energy that would normally be available for pressure and flow is reduced due to the resistance encountered by the fluid.

In contrast, dynamic mixers utilize moving parts, which help to minimize turbulence created by static elements, and hydraulic mixers often work based on the force of flowing water to mix, likely leading to less head loss compared to static mixers. Submersible mixers might have their own characteristics, but they generally do not produce the same extent of head loss as static mixers in typical usage scenarios.