Which of the following can be used as an oxidant for iron and manganese control?

Potassium permanganate is commonly used as an oxidant for the control of iron and manganese in water treatment processes. Its effectiveness stems from its strong oxidizing properties, which facilitate the conversion of soluble ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺) into their insoluble forms (ferric iron, Fe³⁺, and manganese oxides). This conversion enables the removal of these contaminants from water through sedimentation and filtration processes.

Moreover, potassium permanganate can be utilized in various treatment methods, including both conventional and advanced oxidation processes. It is particularly beneficial in scenarios where high levels of iron and manganese are present, helping to maintain water quality and meet regulatory standards.

While other substances mentioned may have their uses in water treatment, they do not primarily serve as effective oxidants for this specific purpose. For instance, hydrogen peroxide can be used in some oxidation processes but is not as commonly employed for iron and manganese control compared to potassium permanganate. Sodium bisulfite is typically used as a reducing agent rather than an oxidizing agent, and chlorine, while it is a strong oxidant, addresses disinfection rather than specifically targeting iron and manganese removal in the same way potassium permanganate does.