Which method is most effective for removing dissolved solids from water?

Reverse osmosis is a highly effective method for removing dissolved solids from water. This process utilizes a semi-permeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass while blocking a significant majority of dissolved ions, organic compounds, and other contaminants. The high pressure applied during reverse osmosis overcomes the natural osmotic pressure, pushing water through the membrane and leaving behind the dissolved solids and impurities.

This method is particularly advantageous in situations where precise removal of dissolved solids is required, such as in desalination processes or in the treatment of water for sensitive applications like drinking water or industrial use. In contrast, methods such as coagulation and settling are more effective for removing suspended solids and larger particulates rather than dissolved ions. Chlorination primarily serves as a disinfection method rather than a treatment for dissolved solids, making reverse osmosis the most appropriate choice for this question.