Which health effects are associated with exposure to PCBs?

The correct answer identifies cancer and immune system issues as health effects associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs are a group of man-made organic chemicals that contain chlorine and were widely used in electrical equipment, heat exchangers, and other industrial applications.

Research has shown that exposure to PCBs is linked to several serious health effects. Among these, cancer is a significant concern, as PCBs are classified as probable human carcinogens. Studies indicate that long-term exposure to PCBs can lead to an increased risk of various types of cancer, including liver, melanoma, and breast cancer.

In addition to cancer, PCBs can also impact the immune system. They have been shown to alter immune responses and can potentially lead to autoimmune diseases and decreased resistance to infections. This immunotoxicity is particularly concerning for vulnerable populations such as children and those with pre-existing health conditions.

The other options do not fully encompass the breadth of health risks associated with PCB exposure. While muscle cramps, joint pain, and digestive issues may occur in some cases, they do not represent the most serious and well-established health effects related to PCBs, such as cancer and inflammatory responses related to the immune system.