Where should air vac/air release valves be ideally located in a water distribution system?

Air vacuum and air release valves are essential components in a water distribution system, primarily designed to manage and mitigate the issues related to air accumulation in the pipelines. These valves are best positioned at high points in the distribution system, where air tends to naturally collect due to the rise in elevation and pressure differentials.

When water flows through the pipes, any air that gets entrained or that accumulates at these high points can lead to several problems, including the risk of water hammer, decreased system efficiency, and potential damage to the pipeline. By having air release valves at these strategic locations, operators can effectively vent trapped air, maintaining the integrity and functionality of the water distribution system. This proactive measure helps ensure continuous flow and prevents operational complications caused by air pockets.

In contrast, placing these valves at low points, at the water treatment plant, or at service line connections does not address the primary need for air management at high elevation areas where air is most likely to accumulate. This makes the selection of high points in the distribution system the most effective choice.