What role do viruses such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia play in water safety?

Viruses such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia are significant concerns in water safety because they are known as pathogens that can cause severe illness in humans. Their presence in water supplies is a strong indicator of fecal contamination, which signifies that the water source may be compromised and poses health risks. Unlike beneficial microorganisms, which can play a role in water treatment processes, Cryptosporidium and Giardia do not enhance water quality or provide any benefits; rather, they are harmful microorganisms that do not get removed effectively by conventional water treatment methods, including chlorination. Additionally, they are not involved in water filtration processes. As such, detecting these pathogens in water supplies serves as a critical warning that safety measures must be enhanced to protect public health.