What is the primary health risk associated with lead contamination in drinking water?

Lead contamination in drinking water is primarily associated with neurological damage, particularly in young children and developing fetuses. This is because lead is a neurotoxin that can interfere with the development of the nervous system. Exposure to lead can lead to cognitive impairments, learning disabilities, and behavioral issues. In children, even low levels of lead exposure can have significant effects on their brain development and function.

Additionally, lead exposure can also pose risks to adults, contributing to hypertension and other health issues, but the effects on children are particularly concerning due to their developing brains. Therefore, the primary health risk linked to lead in drinking water is its profound impact on neurological health.