What is the natural electrical force that keeps colloidal particles apart in water treatment?

The natural electrical force that keeps colloidal particles apart in water treatment is known as zeta potential. Zeta potential arises from the electrical charges on the surfaces of particles suspended in water. These charges create an electrical double layer around the particles, which affects their stability in suspension. When the zeta potential is high, it indicates that the particles are adequately charged to repel one another, preventing aggregation and maintaining a stable colloidal system. This is crucial in water treatment processes as the stability of colloidal suspensions has a direct effect on sedimentation, filtration, and overall water quality.

In contrast, alkalinity refers to the capacity of water to neutralize acids and is not directly related to the electrical forces at play. Molecular weight pertains to the mass of particles but does not influence their electrical interactions within a suspension. Hydraulic pressure involves the force exerted by water flow and does not govern the stability of colloidal particles based on electrical charges. Understanding these distinctions is important when considering the dynamics of colloidal systems in water treatment.