What is a common characteristic of reverse osmosis systems?

Reverse osmosis systems are characterized by their requirement for high pressure to effectively separate contaminants from water. This process involves forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane that allows only certain molecules, such as water, to pass through while blocking larger particles, including many dissolved solids, organic compounds, and microorganisms. The high pressure is essential because it overcomes the natural osmotic pressure, enabling the purification process by pushing the water through the membrane.

While mechanical filtration does play a role in some water treatment processes, reverse osmosis is distinguished by its reliance on pressure rather than just physical barriers. The cost of reverse osmosis systems can vary significantly and can be influenced by many factors, including the scale of the system and the specific application, so they are not universally inexpensive. Furthermore, reverse osmosis systems do not exclusively filter out bacteria; they are capable of removing a wide range of contaminants beyond just microorganisms. This broad removal spectrum underscores the importance of pressure in their operational function.