What impact can TTHMs have on health?

TTHMs, or trihalomethanes, are byproducts formed when chlorine and other disinfectants used in drinking water treat organic matter. These compounds have been studied extensively due to potential health risks associated with their consumption.

The correct choice highlights that TTHMs can indeed cause liver and kidney problems. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of TTHMs has been linked to various health issues, particularly affecting liver and kidney function. Health authorities, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have established limits for TTHMs in drinking water based on these potential health concerns. Research suggests that exposure to high concentrations of these compounds can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, including damage to the liver and kidneys, which play critical roles in filtering toxins from the bloodstream.

Other options presented do not accurately reflect the established understanding of TTHMs. For instance, suggesting TTHMs improve kidney function or are beneficial for the central nervous system is misleading and not supported by scientific evidence. Additionally, the notion that TTHMs have no known health effects ignores the extensive body of research indicating potential health risks associated with these compounds.