What health risks are associated with short-term exposure to copper?

Short-term exposure to copper primarily poses health risks related to stomach and intestinal distress. When copper is ingested in significant amounts, it can lead to acute gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. This is particularly concerning when copper levels exceed safe drinking water standards, as it can cause discomfort and potentially serious health issues if not addressed.

Stomach and intestinal distress is a well-documented effect of excess copper intake because copper has a strong biological effect on the digestive system. It can irritate the stomach lining and disrupt typical digestive processes, leading to the symptoms mentioned above. Therefore, monitoring copper levels in drinking water and ensuring they are within recommended limits is crucial for public health and safety.

While the other options reference various health concerns, they are either less directly associated with copper exposure in the short term or pertain to conditions that are not primarily linked to copper toxicity. Understanding the acute impacts of substances like copper is vital for water operators to prevent health risks associated with water quality.